Vitamin A helps to regulate the growth and activity of epithelial tissues in the body, particularly in the synthesis of certain key cells in the eye where it is needed to help maintain good night vision. It also helps to maintain the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts.
In the animal tissues Vitamin A is found in the liver, and a good source is fish liver, or fish liver oil. In plants it is found as beta carotene in yellow, orange and dark green fruits and vegetables. Beta carotene if a pro-vitamin and is converted to Vitamin A in the liver. All forms of Vitamin A are fat soluble and can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body, it can also cross the placental barrier and so should be used with caution in pregnancy and breast feeding.
The are a number of different substances classes as B vitamins, the main ones are dealt with below.
Thiamin (Vitamin B-1)
Thiamin helps certain enzymes, with the transfer of energy from carbohydrates. It is needed to produce Acetylcholine, which is an essential neurotransmitter. It is also involved in several other crucial metabolic processes.
It is a useful remedy for people who do physically stressful work, people who smoke or drink heavily, and young people who are putting on a growth spurt.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2)
Riboflavin is found in yeast extracts and is particularly required to produce several important liver enzymes. These enzymes help regulate the metabolism of toxic substances, and also the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
It is therefore useful in people with high levels of toxins, such as those who smoke, drink alcohol, the elderly, those on reduced diets, and women who take hormonal products.
Nicotinamide (Vitamin B-3)
There are several forms of Vitamin B-3 of which nicotinamide and niacin are probably the most common. Like other Vitamin Bs, nicotinamide is important for several different metabolic process, these include glycolysis (the release of energy from glucose), the Krebs cycle, and the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids. It is also required to produce red blood cells and steroid molecules.
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B-5)
Pantothenic acid is derived from beta alanine, a beta amino acid which although found in all plants and animals, cannot be synthesized by mammals. It is important in the production of corticosteroids in the body, and also cholesterol metabolism. Another use for Pantothenic acid if in the production of co-enzyme A, which itself is involved with energy release from fats and fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism.
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B-6)
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